Cylinder-pier construction.



110.814,959. ,f PATENITBD MAR. 13, 1906.. 'y w. H. HEALY.'

Y CYLINDER PIER ooNsTRUGTIoN.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6,1905.

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(jg/m j UNITED sTATFs' PATENT oFFiCF.,

WILLIAM H. HEALY, oF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.`

' CYLINDER-Plea CONSTRUCTION.

' .'lo all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. HEALY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Cylinder-Pier Constructions, of which the following is a1 specification. y. l

My invention'relates to the construction of cylinder-piers, such as are used in wharves, bridges, buildings, c.; Incertain classes of this construction the iers have two functions-namely, that ofpcarryin directcomression and that of, resisting bendin the atter being caused by external radia pressure against the piers, such as tides, currents, and impacts of solidbodies. In constructing cylinder-piers of very great depth and large diameter the cost of material, such as concrete, is an im ortant item. If the piers` are small in dept and diameter, they may adequately serve the purpose ol' carrying direct compression, b ut they are weak against bending forces. Bending in a body such as a pier causes both tension and compression. f the pier is constructed solid of concrete, itl

' will fail on the tension side ofpthe neutral axis, as concrete is eight to ten'times stronger in-compression than in tension. Again, 1n sinking wood-stave cyhnders for pier construction it often happens on account of the external ressure due to the head or depth of water and) the unsymmetrical beveling of the staves of the cylinder that the structure will collapse Awhen pumped out. This is especially liable to occur with cylinders of six, eight, or more feet in diameter.

visable'to have concrete deposited with as little wash as possible, it is either necessary to replace the cylinder by a new one-,a source of extra expense-,or else devise means to reinforce the interior of the cylinder against collapse. Therefore reco nizing the following facts-fiirst, that soli piers of large dimensions are costly; second,v that solid iers of small dimensions areweak against ben 'ng, and consequently offer verylittle resistance to the lateral action of tides, currents, and impacts of bodies; third, that the cores of sohd piers, which are subjectedv to bending forces, are of relatively little strength comparedto the outer layer, and conse uently constitute a waste of material, and, ourth,

that cylinders of large diameter are liable to collapse before they are lled with concrete- I propose to build a pier which is, first, eco- Specication of Letters Patent.

l Application led November 6,1905. Serial No. 285,990.v

As it is adr Patented March 13, 1906.

nomical of cost; second, strong structurally against bending; third, which will have a core of sufficient weight and at a minimum of cost, and, fourth, to provide an expansible v reinforce or brace for insertion into the wooden-stave cylinder to'prevent its collapsing during the course of construction of the pier.

` Having reference to the accompanying drawings,'Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of my improved ier construction. a top endliew o same. Fig. 3 is a section of a fragment ofthe pier, showing the application of my expansible reinforce. Fig. 4 is a detail showing a portion of the reinforce with a wedge for expanding the same.

' A and Brepresent two concentricspaced Wood-stave cylinders of suitable length and diameter, the staves of each cylinder being surrounded and held in firm cylindrical form by suitable means, as the hoops or bands 2,.v

Fig. 1 is The relative sizes of the cylinders depend on l I the sizeof thepier to be constructed, and they are proportioned to provide the necessa strength 'and produce the. best mechanica results. In an eight-foot pier the inner cylinder isapproximately four feetA indiameter. A v

The two cylinders are driven simultaneously, and the annular s ace between the cylinders is then excavate and umped out.

Metal rods or twisted-wire cab es 3, which are as lon@r as the cylinders, are now inserted between vthe peri heries of 'the two cylinders, and theintercy nder space is filled and acked with concrete to the height desired.

f the material inside of the inner cylinder is not suitable as a core, the space within the inner cylinder is also excavated and filled in with sand, rock, or some suitable cheap material to the requisite height.

The use of the two concentric wooden cyjlinders enables me to produce a concrete tubular pier of maximum strength and at a minimum cost, since the volume of concrete actually usedis arranged to best advantage relative to the axis of the pier to resist bending, While` the 'cheap loose 'sand core' employed in the inner cylinder gives sufficient weight to the pier and is sufficiently compact to sustain its due proportion of direct compression and to support the inside of the inner cylinder against collapse. I

If during the `construction of the pier the` outer cylinder shows atendency to collapse for any reason, I may insert one or more exone edge of the wedge to move in.

pansible reinforces or braces, each in the form of an annulus 4, composed of a series of conjoined angle-iron segments. I`he arcs of these segments correspond to the curve of the inside of the cylinder in which the brace is to be used, and the combined length of the segments is a little less than the circumference of the inside of said cylinder to provide for the necessary expansion and contraction of the braces. The adjacent ends of the several segments are beveled convergently downward, and the segment-s are so connected as to provide suitable keyways or pockets for the wedges 6. As herein shown, each segment has riveted to it, adjacent to one end, aplate 7, spaced from the body of the segment by a filler or` spacing plate 8 to form a groove 9 for The opposite end of the plate7 is slotted, and bolts or rivets 10, carried by the adjacent end of the succeeding segment and passing through a spacing-plate 11 similar to plate 8, engage in the slot and are headed, so as to hold the segments together ring fashion. The wedge 6 is preferably made of two metal plates riveted together, with the edges of the larger plate adapted to engage in the grooves 9, formed at the opposed ends of two segments. In case the cylinder shows signs of weakness before the concrete has been packed in place to its full depth one or more of these reinforces may be quickly inserted, and by driving home the wedges the cylinder will be made to assume its original shape, allowing the work to o on. The reinforces may be left embedde in the concrete or they may be removed successively as the level of the concrete approaches them.

Vhile I have spoken of using metal rods or wire cables 3 to provide nesessary longitudinal internal braces for the concrete body, I

may use expanded metal or other material suitable for the purpose, and it is possible that various other modifications in my invention may be made without departing from the principle thereof, and I do not wish to be considered as limiting myself to my specific construction beyond a reasonable interpretation of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An improved pier construction, com prising two concentric wooden-stave cylinders, a concrete filling between the cylinders, and a filling of sand or like substantially per- (rinanently loose material in the inner cylin- 2. An improved pier construction, comprising a concrete tubular structure, and an inner core of substantially permanently loose sand, rock, or such like material.

3. A concrete tubular pier having metal supports embedded in the concrete and running lengthwise of the pier, and a sand or like core of permanently loose material.

4. kA concrete pier construction, comprising inner and outer wooden-stave cylinders, a concrete filling between the cylinders, twisted-Wire cables embedded in the concrete, and a filling of sand or the like in the interior cylinder.

5. The combination with a cylinder, of an internal brace therefor comprising a series of conjoined movable segments, and wedges operable between the segments to expand the brace.

6. The combination with a cylinder, of an internal brace therefor comprising a series of conjoined movable angle-segments having keyways provided at their adjacent ends, and wedges fitting said keyways.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witl nesses.

WILLIAM H. HEALY.

Vitnesses:

CHAs. C. HoRToN, M. E. BROWN. 

